6th December 2019

genome

17

Where is DNA found in our bodies?

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Researchers refer to DNA found in the cell's nucleus as nuclear DNA. An organism's complete set of nuclear DNA is called its genome. Besides the DNA located in the nucleus, humans and other complex organisms also have a small amount of DNA in cell structures known as mitochondria.

Hereof, where are the chromosomes located in the body?

The body is made up of individual units called cells. Your body has many different kinds of cells, such as skin cells, liver cells and blood cells. In the center of most cells is a structure called the nucleus. This is where chromosomes are located.

Where is the cell's genetic information stored?

Chromosomes, found in the cell nucleus, contain many genes. A gene is a section of DNA, which carries coding for a particular protein. Different genes control the development of different characteristics of an organism. Many genes are needed to carry all the genetic information for a whole organism.

Where is DNA stored and why?

Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).

1

How does DNA stick together?

DNA molecules are very long but are packed into compact structures called chromosomes. Each DNA molecule consists of two twisted strands of bases that form a shape called a double helix. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases.

2

What are the three main steps of DNA extraction?

The three basic steps of DNA extraction are 1) lysis, 2) precipitation, and 3) purification.

Step 1: Lysis. In this step, the cell and the nucleus are broken open to release the DNA inside and there are two ways to do this.
Step 2: Precipitation.
Step 3: Purification.

3

Where is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell?

Prokaryotes have no cell nucleus and no membrane enclosed organelles. Prokaryotic DNA can be found in a coiled loop floating in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like). In other words, the nucleoid is the area in a prokaryotic cell where DNA is located.

4

What are the two sides of the DNA ladder made of?

The shape of DNA is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar is deoxyribose. The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases.

5

How is the DNA of a nucleus stored?

To store this important material, DNA molecules are tightly packed around proteins called histones to make structures called chromosomes. The DNA that contains your genes is stored in your cells in a structure called the nucleus.

6

Why are some traits passed from parent to offspring?

Inheritance of Traits by Offspring Follows Predictable Rules. Genes come in different varieties, called alleles. Somatic cells contain two alleles for every gene, with one allele provided by each parent of an organism.

7

How many strands of DNA are there?

Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes in total). Each chromosome is formed by 2 strands of DNA that hydrogen-bonded to each other make the classic DNA double helix (double-stranded DNA). So, in total there are 46*2=92 strands of DNA in each diploid human cell!

8

Is DNA a protein or nucleic acid?

Proteins are made up of a series of amino acids. Nucleic Acids (RNA and DNA) are made up of a series of nucleotides. The fourth group, R, is different for each amino acid. A nucleotide is composed of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

9

Where is a gene found?

Chromosomes contain the recipe for making a living thing. They are found in almost every cell's nucleus and are made from strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Segments of DNA called "genes" are the ingredients. Each gene adds a specific protein to the recipe.

10

Is DNA in the chromosomes?

In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

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Where are the genes located?

The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded. The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located is called its locus.

12

Where is RNA stored?

There are two types of nucleic acids which are polymers found in all living cells. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is found mainly in the nucleus of the cell, while Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is found mainly in the cytoplasm of the cell although it is usually synthesized in the nucleus.

13

Where are the chromosomes located?

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique.

14

How are chromosomes and genes related?

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. A chromosome contains many genes. A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein. The DNA molecule is a long, coiled double helix that resembles a spiral staircase.

15

Where is the DNA found?

Researchers refer to DNA found in the cell's nucleus as nuclear DNA. An organism's complete set of nuclear DNA is called its genome. Besides the DNA located in the nucleus, humans and other complex organisms also have a small amount of DNA in cell structures known as mitochondria.

16

Is there DNA in the blood?

Red blood cells do not have any DNA, as they lose their nuclei (the compartment in a cell that contains the DNA) as they mature. So the DNA in your blood is in your white blood cells. To get at it, scientists first spin a small sample of your blood at high speed, to separate the cells from the blood fluid.

17

How much DNA do you have in your body?

Genes are composed of DNA, and it is predicted that there are over 3 billion basepairs in the human genome. Humans have approximately 10 trillion cells, so if you were to line all of the DNA found in every cell of a human body it would stretch from the earth to the sun 100 times!

18

Where does the process of transcription take place?

Concept 2: Transcription and Translation in Cells. In a prokaryotic cell, transcription and translation are coupled; that is, translation begins while the mRNA is still being synthesized. In a eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

19

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Structurally, DNA and RNA are nearly identical. As mentioned earlier, however, there are three fundamental differences that account for the very different functions of the two molecules. RNA has a ribose sugar instead of a deoxyribose sugar like DNA. RNA nucleotides have a uracil base instead of thymine.

20

Why do you think that most DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell?

That membrane creates an enclosed region called the nucleus. This nucleus protects the chromosomes stored inside and regulates which molecules are allowed in and out of the nucleus. Most of an organism's DNA is stored in chromosomes inside the nucleus.

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