6th October 2019

nature

15

Where does the process of DNA replication occur?

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The initiation of DNA replication occurs in two steps. First, a so-called initiator protein unwinds a short stretch of the DNA double helix. Then, a protein known as helicase attaches to and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the DNA strands, thereby pulling apart the two strands.

Also question is, what is DNA replication and where does it take place?

DNA replication occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. By definition, prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei. Therefore, DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell.

What is DNA replication when does it take place and why does it happen?

Explanation: DNA replication needs to occur because existing cells divide to produce new cells. So the DNA needs to be copied before cell division so that each new cell receives a full set of instructions! Here is a video which uses an animated tutorial to explain the process of DNA replication.

What is replication and where does it take place?

during which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? in which organelles does DNA replication occur in animal cells? in which organelles does DNA replication occur in plant cells? why must DNA replication in the nucleus occur before adult stem cells divide?

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Where does DNA replication occur in a prokaryotic cell?

In prokaryotic cells, there is only one point of origin, replication occurs in two opposing directions at the same time, and takes place in the cell cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells on the other hand, have multiple points of origin, and use unidirectional replication within the nucleus of the cell.

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Where is prokaryotic DNA found and in what form?

2.A. Where and in what form is prokaryotic DNA found? Where is eukaryotic DNA found? DNA in prokaryotic cells is found in the form of a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm; DNA in eukaryotic cells is found in the nucleus, packaged into bigger, individual chromosomes.

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What occurs in g1?

The g₁ phase, or Gap 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. In this part of interphase, the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis. G₁ phase ends when the cell moves into the S phase of interphase.

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What is a cell doing during the g1 and g2 periods?

During this period, the cell is constantly synthesizing RNA, producing protein and growing in size. By studying molecular events in cells, scientists have determined that interphase can be divided into 4 steps: Gap 0 (G0), Gap 1 (G1), S (synthesis) phase, Gap 2 (G2).

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Where is eukaryotic DNA found and in what form?

In eukaryotic cells, like in the maize cell shown here, DNA is located in the nucleus, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts (occuring only in plants and some protists). The nucleus contains most DNA. It is present in this compartment in the form of linear chromosomes that together constitute the genome.

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What is the definition of DNA replication in biology?

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.

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Where does DNA replication occur during mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division of cells and is part of the cell cycle. As you can see in the image below, DNA replication takes place in the S-phase of the cell cycle, which is before the cell enters mitosis.

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What is the process of DNA replication?

In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. DNA is made up of a double helix of two complementary strands.

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Is DNA conservative?

In summary, DNA replication is the process of making copies of DNA. DNA replicates by semi-conservative replication, which means that one strand of the parent double helix is conserved in each new DNA molecule.

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What is DNA made out of?

DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.

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Is DNA replication conservative?

DNA replication is semi-conservative because each helix that is created contains one strand from the helix from which it was copied. The replication of one helix results in two daughter helices each of which contains one of the original parental helical strands.

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What are the enzymes involved in DNA replication?

The RNA primers are made by RNA primase, and the Okazaki fragments are joined by DNA ligase. DNA polymerase is the enzyme that carries in the daughter nucleotides, and DNA helicase is the one that unwinds the double helix to open the replication fork.

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Where does the process of replication take place?

DNA replication occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. By definition, prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei. Therefore, DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell.

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What is the synthesis of DNA?

DNA synthesis. The term DNA synthesis can refer to DNA replication - DNA biosynthesis (in vivo DNA amplification), polymerase chain reaction - enzymatic DNA synthesis (in vitro DNA amplification) or gene synthesis - physically creating artificial gene sequences.

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Why does the replication of DNA take place?

Explanation: DNA replication needs to occur because existing cells divide to produce new cells. Each cell needs a full instruction manual to operate properly. So the DNA needs to be copied before cell division so that each new cell receives a full set of instructions!

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Where does the transcription take place?

Concept 2: Transcription and Translation in Cells. In a prokaryotic cell, transcription and translation are coupled; that is, translation begins while the mRNA is still being synthesized. In a eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

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What is the role of enzymes in the replication process?

Then a specialized single-strand binding protein binds to the DNA strands to keep them apart. This process makes a template, but replication can't happen because no primer yet exists. See Figure 6 . Chain initiation occurs when a specialized RNA polymerase enzyme called primase makes a short RNA primer.

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Which strand is synthesized towards the replication fork?

Okazaki Fragments. At a replication fork, both strands are synthesized in a 5′ → 3′ direction. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short pieces termed Okazaki fragments.

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How does DNA replication take place?

In both cases, replication occurs so quickly because multiple polymerases can synthesize two new strands at the same time by using each unwound strand from the original DNA double helix as a template. One of these original strands is called the leading strand, whereas the other is called the lagging strand.

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What are the steps of replication?

A DNA strand is composed of a long backbone of sugar and phosphate units . One of our different nucleotide bases -- A, T, C or G -- hang off each sugar unit. The sequence of the bases encodes genetic information. The three steps in the process of DNA replication are initiation, elongation and termination.

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