AnswersDriveMagma Composition. Magma is primarily a very hot liquid, which is called a 'melt.' It is formed from the melting of rocks in the earth's lithosphere, which is the outermost shell of the earth made of the earth's crust and upper part of the mantle, and the asthenosphere, which is the layer below the lithosphere.
What is lava made out of?
When lava erupts it is made up of a slush of crystals, liquid, and bubbles. The liquid "freezes" to form volcanic glass. Chemically lava is made of the elements silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and titanium (plus other elements in very small concentrations.
What does lava turn into?
Similarly, liquid magma also turns into a solid — a rock — when it is cooled. When magma rises from deep within the earth and explodes out of a volcano, it is called lava, and it cools quickly on the surface. Rock formed in this way is called extrusive igneous rock.
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How the lava is formed?
First, there is a definition we need to make. Just to keep things straight, geologists use the word " magma " for molten rock that is still underground, and the word "lava" once it has erupted onto the surface. Rocks in the mantle and the core are still hot from the formation of the Earth about 4.6 billion years ago.
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Why magma is so hot?
Lava is hot for two primary reasons: Pressure and radiogenic heating make it very hot deep in the Earth (about 100 km down) where rocks melt to make magma . The rock around the magma is a good insulator so the magma doesn't lose much heat on the way to the surface.
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How hot is magma?
Magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance. Temperatures of most magmas are in the range 700 °C to 1300 °C (or 1300 °F to 2400 °F), but very rare carbonatite magmas may be as cool as 600 °C, and komatiite magmas may have been as hot as 1600 °C. Most magmas are silicate mixtures.
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How magma is formed magmatism?
Magma is a mixture of liquid rock, minerals, and dissolved gases. It is formed by the melting of Earth's mantle. Magma is found deep below the surface of the Earth. Magma forms when rocks reach temperatures high enough to melt them.
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What is the composition of magma?
The initial composition of the magma is dictated by the composition of the source rock and the degree of partial melting. In general, melting of a mantle source (garnet peridotite) results in mafic/basaltic magmas. Melting of crustal sources yields more siliceous magmas.
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What causes magma to erupt out of a volcano?
The third process that causes volcanic eruptions is an injection of new magma into a chamber that is already filled with magma of similar or different composition. This injection forces some of the magma in the chamber to move up in the conduit and erupt at the surface.
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Where is magma found in a volcano?
Hawaiian magma is different than magma in other parts of the Earth because it has more molten rock and less dissolved gases and rock fragments. The Hawaiian volcano Kilauea, on the "Big Island" of Hawaii, has erupted with enough molten lava to pave a road around the Earth three times.
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How magma is produced for kids?
Molten, or hot liquefied, rock located deep below the Earth's surface is called magma. Magma is formed when temperatures within Earth's crust or mantle are very hot and when pressure in places within those layers decreases. When a volcano erupts or a deep crack occurs in the Earth, the magma rises and overflows.
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Where does lava come from and how is it formed?
The crust, mantle and inner core of the earth are all solid rock (or iron in the case of the core). The only large portion of the earth's interior that is liquid is the outer core, and lava does not come from there (again, if it did, it would be molten iron).
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How are sediments formed?
Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediment is deposited out of air, ice, wind, gravity, or water flows carrying the particles in suspension. This sediment is often formed when weathering and erosion break down a rock into loose material in a source area.
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How does the lava come out of a volcano?
As they rise, gas molecules in the magma come out of solution and form bubbles and as the bubbles rise they expand. Eventually the pressure from these bubbles is stronger than the surrounding solid rock and this surrounding rock fractures, allowing the magma to get to the surface.
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Where lava is found?
lava (lä´v?), molten rock that erupts on the earth's surface, either on land or under the ocean, by a volcano or through a fissure. It solidifies into igneous rock that is also called lava. Before reaching the earth's surface, the mixture of solid and liquid rock, and gases, is known as magma.
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How does Magma become igneous rock?
Igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals. Magma is a hot liquid made of melted minerals. Or, igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools quickly. When it pours out on Earth's surface, magma is called lava.
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What type of rock occurs when magma crystallizes?
If magma makes it to the surface it will erupt and later crystallize to form an extrusive or volcanic rock. If it crystallizes before it reaches the surface it will form an igneous rock at depth called a plutonic or intrusive igneous rock.
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What is the origin of the magma?
The Origin of Magmas. Magma forms by partial melting of upper mantle and crust. Partial melt means that only a fraction of the available material forms a melt, and that the remainder stays solid. The partial melt rises because of its lower density and ascends through he crust.
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What is the meaning of magma chamber?
A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is under great pressure, and, given enough time, that pressure can gradually fracture the rock around it, creating a way for the magma to move upward.
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How is magma formed at a divergent boundary?
Divergent boundaries in the middle of the oceans cause seafloor spreading. As the oceanic plates move apart they produce cracks in the ocean floor. Magma rises up from the mantle and oozes out from the cracks like a long, thin undersea volcano. This magma cools to form a new crust of igneous rock.
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Is volcanic rock and lava same thing?
The terms are really are referring to the same stuff (molten rock). It is just easier this way. If someone is talking about magma you know they are talking about when it is still underground but if they are talking about lava you know they are talking about after it has erupted.
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What is an igneous rock made out of?
A good example of intrusive igneous rock is granite . Extrusive igneous rocks form when the magma or molten rock pours out onto the earth's surface or erupts at the earth's surface from a volcano . Extrusive rocks are also called volcanic rocks. Basalt , formed from hardened lava , is the most common extrusive rock.
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How the rocks are formed?
Igneous rocks are formed when melted rock cools and solidifies. Melted rock may come in the form of magma, when it is found underneath the Earth's surface. It can also come in the form of lava, when it is released unto the Earth's surface during a volcanic eruption.