AnswersDriveAlkenes: Industrial Importance. Alkenes find many diverse applications in industry. They are used as starting materials in the syntheses of alcohols, plastics, laquers, detergents, and fuels. The most important alkenes for the chemical industry are ethene, propene and 1,3-butadiene.
Similarly, you may ask, what is the main use of alkanes?
Common usage of alkanes in natural gas. Natural gas contains lighter alkanes (mainly methane, ethane, propane and butane) and produces less pollutants compared to petroleum derived fuels.
What do alkanes do?
Alkanes are the simplest organic molecules, consisting of only carbon and hydrogen and with only single bonds between carbon atoms. Alkanes are used as the basis for naming the majority of organic compounds (their nomenclature).
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What is the use of propene?
Propene is also used for the production of important chemicals such as propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, cumene, butyraldehyde, and acrylic acid. In the year 2013 about 85 million tonnes of propene were processed worldwide. Propene and benzene are converted to acetone and phenol via the cumene process.
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What are the physical properties of alkenes?
Physical Properties of Alkenes
- Structural Isomerism.
- Geometric (cis-trans) Isomerism.
- Physical state.
- Density.
- Solubility.
- Boiling Points.
- Melting Points.
- Polarity.
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Why is there no Methene?
Alkenes are similar to alkanes. The main difference between them is that alkenes have a carbon to carbon double bond. Methene is not possible as alkenes require a carbon-carbon double bond and methane only has one carbon atom.
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Why do alkenes burn with a smoky flame?
It's smoky, indicating incomplete combustion due to the presence of C=C bonds, which appears as soot (carbon.) It will be black, due to the production of soot from incomplete combustion. Alkenes burn with a sooty flame to produce carbon dioxide, soot (carbon) and water.
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What are the properties of alkyne?
Alkynes are generally nonpolar molecules with little solubility in polar solvents, such as water. Solubility in nonpolar solvents, such as ether and acetone, is extensive. Like the alkanes and alkenes, alkynes of four or fewer carbon atoms tend to be gases.
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What is Cycloalkane used for?
These uses are typically classified by the number of carbons in the cycloalkane ring. Many cycloalkanes are used in motor fuel, natural gas, petroleum gas, kerosene, diesel, and many other heavy oils. There are 4 general groups of cycloalkanes: Small rings (cyclopropane, cyclobutane)
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Can alkanes be used as fuel?
The alkanes are highly combustible and are valuable as clean fuels, burning to form water and carbon dioxide. Methane, ethane, propane and butane are gases and used directly as fuels. Alkanes from pentane up to around C17H36 are liquids. Gasoline is a mixture of alkanes from pentane up to about decane.
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What is the functional group of the alkenes?
Alkenes and alkynes. The functional group in the alkenes is the carbon-to-carbon double bond. The functional group in the alkynes is the carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
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Why are alkanes are saturated?
Hydrocarbons are compounds made from carbon and hydrogen atoms joined by covalent bonds. Alkanes are saturated - they have only single bonds. Alkenes have a double bond - they are unsaturated. Alkenes react with brown bromine water and decolourise it, but alkanes do not.
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What is the general formula of the alkanes?
Alkanes: Molecular and Structural Formulas. The alkanes comprise a series of compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds. This group of compounds comprises a homologous series with a general molecular formula of C n H 2 n+2 , where equals any integer.
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Why is cracking used in the oil industry?
The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. Cracking is the breakdown of a large alkane into smaller, more useful alkenes. Simply put, hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking a long-chain of hydrocarbons into short ones.
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What is the use of ethene?
Ethene (ethylene) is the most important organic chemical, by tonnage, that is manufactured. It is the building block for a vast range of chemicals from plastics to antifreeze solutions and solvents. Figure 1 On the site at Grangemouth in Scotland, ethene is produced by steam cracking of naphtha.
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What is the definition of general formula?
A general formula is a type of empirical formula that represents the composition of any member of an entire class of compounds.
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What is general formula of alkyne?
The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula CnH2n−2. Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C2H2, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature.
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Why are alkenes are more reactive than alkanes?
Yes, alkenes are more reactive. This is due to the properties of the carbon-carbon bond. In alkanes there is a single bond, denoted as . At first thought, it seems that double must be stronger than single but in fact, due to the nature of the bond, it is more reactive than a -bond.
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What is the special bond found in alkenes?
Alkenes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. The number of hydrogen atoms in an alkene is double the number of carbon atoms. For example, the molecular formula of ethene is C2H4, while for propene it is C3H6.
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Are alkenes reactive?
Alkenes are relatively stable compounds, but are more reactive than alkanes, either because of the reactivity of the carbon–carbon pi-bond or the presence of allylic CH centers. Most reactions of alkenes involve additions to this pi bond, forming new single bonds.
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Why are alkenes are unsaturated?
Alkenes are called unsaturated molecules because two atoms can join onto half of the carbon = carbon double bond when it opens up. In other words they potentially have spare bonds to link up with other atoms and alkanes cannot do this.
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What are the uses of alkanes and alkenes?
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. They contain a double bond, which is shown as two lines between two of the carbon atoms. The presence of this double bond allows alkenes to react in ways that alkanes cannot. They can react with oxygen in the air, so they could be used as fuels.
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Which is more reactive an alkane or an alkene?
alkyne is more reactive than alkane and alkene because in alkyne is join each other with triple bond so it is no more stable than other two, so it is more reactive than alkane and alkene . However, alkanes have single bonds, alkenes have double bonds, and alkynes have triple bonds.