2nd October 2019

healthline

14

What is the treatment for an anaphylactic reaction?

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The first step for treating anaphylactic shock will likely be injecting epinephrine (adrenaline) immediately. This can reduce the severity of the allergic reaction. At the hospital, you'll receive more epinephrine intravenously (through an IV). You may also receive glucocorticoid and antihistamines intravenously.

Also, what is the drug of choice to treat anaphylactic shock?

epinephrine

What is the protocol for the treatment of anaphylaxis?

Prompt treatment of anaphylaxis is critical, with subcutaneous or intramuscular epinephrine and intravenous fluids remaining the mainstay of management. Adjunctive measures include airway protection, antihistamines, steroids, and beta agonists.

What is the first line of treatment for anaphylaxis?

The standard treatment of anaphylaxis should also include antihistamines and corticosteroids. However, antihistamines have a much slower onset of action than epinephrine, they exert minimal effect on blood pressure, and they should not be administered alone as treatment.

1

What is the correct definition of anaphylaxis?

Medical Definition of Anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock: A widespread and very serious allergic reaction. Symptoms include dizziness, loss of consciousness, labored breathing, swelling of the tongue and breathing tubes, blueness of the skin, low blood pressure, heart failure, and death.

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How is a severe allergic reaction treated?

Generally, antihistamine medications are the treatment of choice after the allergen is removed. Very severe reactions may require other therapy, such as oxygen for breathing difficulties or intravenous fluids and/or epinephrine to boost blood pressure in anaphylactic shock.

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What happens to your body when you have an anaphylactic reaction?

In anaphylaxis, small blood vessels (capillaries) begin to leak blood into your tissues. This can cause a sudden and dramatic drop in blood pressure. When major organs don't get the blood and oxygen they need to perform, your body goes into anaphylactic shock. This is a life-threatening medical emergency.

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Which symptoms are associated with an anaphylactic reaction?

What are the symptoms of a severe allergic reaction?

generalised flushing of the skin.
nettle rash (hives) anywhere on the body.
sense of impending doom.
swelling of throat and mouth.
difficulty in swallowing or speaking.
alterations in heart rate.
severe asthma.
abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

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What happens to the body during anaphylactic shock?

Anaphylaxis causes your immune system to release a flood of chemicals that can cause you to go into shock — your blood pressure drops suddenly and your airways narrow, blocking breathing. Signs and symptoms include a rapid, weak pulse; a skin rash; and nausea and vomiting.

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How do you treat an anaphylactic reaction?

You might also be given medications, including:

Epinephrine (adrenaline) to reduce your body's allergic response.
Oxygen, to help you breathe.
Intravenous (IV) antihistamines and cortisone to reduce inflammation of your air passages and improve breathing.
A beta-agonist (such as albuterol) to relieve breathing symptoms.

7

What are the common triggers of anaphylaxis?

Common anaphylaxis triggers include:

foods – including nuts, milk, fish, shellfish, eggs and some fruits.
medicines – including some antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin.
insect stings – particularly wasp and bee stings.
general anaesthetic.

8

What are the main causes of anaphylaxis?

But sometimes, exposure to an allergen can cause a life-threatening allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. This severe reaction happens when an over-release of chemicals puts the person into shock. Allergies to food, insect stings, medications and latex are most frequently associated with anaphylaxis.

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How long can you have anaphylaxis?

Severe initial symptoms develop rapidly, reaching peak severity within 3-30 minutes. There may occasionally be a quiescent period of 1–8 hours before the development of a second reaction (a biphasic response). Protracted anaphylaxis may occur, with symptoms persisting for days.

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How do you diagnose anaphylactic shock?

Other diseases – People with cardiovascular disease, for example, and coronary artery disease, are also at greater risk of severe anaphylaxis. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is based on symptoms that occur within minutes to a few hours after exposure to a potential trigger, such as a food, medication, or insect sting.

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Why do we use adrenaline for anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is a potentially life threatening, severe allergic reaction and should always be treated as a medical emergency. When injected, adrenaline rapidly reverses the effects of anaphylaxis by reducing throat swelling, opening the airways, and maintaining heart function and blood pressure.

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What is an anaphylactic shock?

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, and low blood pressure. These symptoms typically come on over minutes to hours.

13

What is a neurogenic shock?

Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in low blood pressure, occasionally with a slowed heart rate, that is attributed to the disruption of the autonomic pathways within the spinal cord. It can occur after damage to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury.

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What is the drug of choice to treat anaphylactic shock?

epinephrine

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What is a anaphylactoid reaction?

Anaphylactoid reactions are defined as those reactions that produce the same clinical picture with anaphylaxis but are not IgE mediated, occur through a direct nonimmune-mediated release of mediators from mast cells and/or basophils or result from direct complement activation.

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What is the protocol for the treatment of anaphylaxis?

Prompt treatment of anaphylaxis is critical, with subcutaneous or intramuscular epinephrine and intravenous fluids remaining the mainstay of management. Adjunctive measures include airway protection, antihistamines, steroids, and beta agonists.

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What kind of shock is anaphylactic shock?

There are several types of shock: septic shock caused by bacteria, anaphylactic shock caused by hypersensitivity or allergic reaction, cardiogenic shock from heart damage, hypovolemic shock from blood or fluid loss, and neurogenic shock from spinal cord trauma. Treatment for shock depends on the cause.

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What are the signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction?

What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

skin reactions such as hives, flushed skin, or paleness.
suddenly feeling too warm.
feeling like you have a lump in your throat or difficulty swallowing.
nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
abdominal pain.
a weak and rapid pulse.
runny nose and sneezing.
swollen tongue or lips.

19

What is refractory anaphylaxis?

Patients who have refractory or very severe anaphylaxis (with cardiovascular and/or severe respiratory symptoms) should be admitted or treated and observed for a longer period in the emergency department (ED) or an observation area.

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