17th October 2019

shapecut

14

What is the purpose of quenching and tempering steel?

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Quenching and tempering are processes that strengthen and harden materials like steel and other iron-based alloys. The process of quenching or quench hardening involves heating the material and then rapidly cooling in water, oil, forced air or inert gases such as nitrogen.

Thereof, what kind of oil is used to quench steel?

Oil is the most commonly used quench liquid especially if you are unsure of the exact chemical composition of your steel. Common oils used are vegetable, mineral, cottonseed or whale oil. Oil cools the steel more slowly than water which makes it less prone to cracking but hardens just as much as water.

What is hardened steel used for?

The term hardened steel is often used for a medium or high carbon steel that has been given heat treatment and then quenching followed by tempering. The quenching results in the formation of metastable martensite, the fraction of which is reduced to the desired amount during tempering.

Why are steels tempered after quenching?

Tempering is a heat treatment technique applied to ferrous alloys, such as steel or cast iron, to achieve greater toughness by decreasing the hardness of the alloy. Tempering is usually performed after quenching, which is rapid cooling of the metal to put it in its hardest state.

1

How does heat affect the properties of metal?

Metal expands when heated. Length, surface area and volume will increase with temperature. The degree of thermal expansion varies with different types of metal. Thermal expansion occurs because heat increases the vibrations of the atoms in the metal.

2

What is normalizing in heat treatment of steel?

Normalizing Heat Treatment Definition. Normalizing Heat Treatment process is heating a steel above the critical temperature, holding for a period of time long enough for transformation to occur, and air cooling.

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What is the tempering process?

Tempering, in metallurgy, process of improving the characteristics of a metal, especially steel, by heating it to a high temperature, though below the melting point, then cooling it, usually in air. The process has the effect of toughening by lessening brittleness and reducing internal stresses.

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What is the main purpose of annealing is?

In general, the main purpose of annealing heat treatment is to soften the steel, regenerate overheated steel structures or just remove internal tensions. It basically consists of heating to austenitizing temperature (800ºC and 950ºC depending on the type of steel), followed by slow cooling.

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What does it mean to temper in the egg?

When recipes call for you to temper eggs, you generally need to add a hot liquid to an egg mixture. If you just combine the two mixtures, you'll end up with cooked eggs in your sauce. The goal here is to slowly bring up the temperature of the eggs without scrambling them.

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What is the main purpose of heat treatment?

Heat treatment process effect on material structure and grains. Most carbon steels and carbon alloy steels can be heat treated for the purpose of improving mechanical properties such as tensile and yield strength. This is accomplished due to the heat treatment fundamentally altering the microstructure of the steel.

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What kind of oil is used to quench steel?

Oil is the most commonly used quench liquid especially if you are unsure of the exact chemical composition of your steel. Common oils used are vegetable, mineral, cottonseed or whale oil. Oil cools the steel more slowly than water which makes it less prone to cracking but hardens just as much as water.

8

What is meant by Austempering?

Austempering is heat treatment that is applied to ferrous metals, most notably steel and ductile iron. In steel it produces a bainite microstructure whereas in cast irons it produces a structure of acicular ferrite and high carbon, stabilized austenite known as ausferrite.

9

What is quenching and tempering process?

Quenching and tempering are processes that strengthen and harden materials like steel and other iron-based alloys. The process of quenching or quench hardening involves heating the material and then rapidly cooling in water, oil, forced air or inert gases such as nitrogen.

10

What is a Martempering?

MARTEMPERING is a term used to describe an interrupted quench from the austenitizing temperature of certain alloy, cast, tool, and stainless steels. The purpose is to delay the cooling just above the martensitic transformation for a length of time to equalize the temperature throughout the piece.

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What does it mean to temper steel?

Tempering is a heat treatment technique applied to ferrous alloys, such as steel or cast iron, to achieve greater toughness by decreasing the hardness of the alloy. Tempering is accomplished by controlled heating of the quenched work-piece to a temperature below its "lower critical temperature".

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Which metal is used to harden steel?

Hardened steel. The term hardened steel is often used for a medium or high carbon steel that has been given heat treatment and then quenching followed by tempering. The quenching results in the formation of metastable martensite, the fraction of which is reduced to the desired amount during tempering.

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Why do you quench steel in oil?

When hardness can be sacrificed, mineral oils are often used. These oil based fluids often oxidize and form a sludge during quenching, which consequently lowers the efficiency of the process. The quenching velocity (cooling rate) of oil is much less than water.

14

What is meant by precipitation hardening?

Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening or particle hardening, is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels and stainless steels.

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What is the quenching oil?

Quench oil serves two primary functions. It facilitates hardening of steel by controlling heat transfer during quenching, and it enhances wetting of steel during quenching to minimize the formation of undesirable thermal and transformational gradients which may lead to increased distortion and cracking.

16

What is quenching in chemistry?

Quenching refers to any process which decreases the fluorescence intensity of a given substance. A variety of processes can result in quenching, such as excited state reactions, energy transfer, complex-formation and collisional quenching. Molecular oxygen, iodide ions and acrylamide are common chemical quenchers.

17

What is a quench of an MRI system?

Research magnet undergoing a quench with release of gaseous helium into the room. A quench refers to the sudden loss of superconductivity when its temperature is raised. In the superconducting state, the resistance of the magnet coil windings is zero and hence no energy is required to maintain current flow.

18

What is the carburizing process?

Carburizing, also referred to as Case Hardening, is a heat treatment process that produces a surface which is resistant to wear, while maintaining toughness and strength of the core. This treatment is applied to low carbon steel parts after machining, as well as high alloy steel bearings, gears, and other components.

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What is the Hardenability?

Hardenability is a way to indicate a material's potential to be hardened by thermal treatment. Hardness is resistance to penetration. Hardenability describes how deep the steel may be hardened upon quenching from high temperature. The depth of hardening is an important factor in a steel part's toughness.

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What is meant by heat treatment process?

Process in which a metal is heated to a certain temperature and the cooled in a particular manner to alter its internal structure for obtaining desired degree of physical and mechanical properties such as brittleness, hardness, and softness.

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