2nd October 2019

idc-online

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What is an example of a polar solvent?

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Examples of polar protic solvents: water (H-OH), acetic acid (CH3CO-OH)methanol (CH3-OH), ethanol (CH3CH2-OH), n-propanol (CH3CH2CH2-OH), n-butanol (CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH). ? Dipolar aprotic solvents Dipolar aprotic molecules possess a large bond dipole moment (a measure of polarity of a molecule chemical bond).

Is acetone a polar aprotic solvent?

However, acetone is still considered a polar aprotic solvent, despite the fact that it is relatively acidic, and not significantly less acidic than alcohols. Then again, acetone (and other carbonyl containing solvents) are, indeed, poor solvents when using strong bases due to their relatively high acidity.

Why are polar aprotic solvents used for sn2?

The SN2 reaction is favored by polar aprotic solvents – these are solvents such as acetone, DMSO, acetonitrile, or DMF that are polar enough to dissolve the substrate and nucleophile but do not participate in hydrogen bonding with the nucleophile. These also tend to be the nucleophiles for these reactions as well.

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Is water a polar or nonpolar solvent?

Ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, are also highly soluble in water. Because water molecules are polar, they interact with the sodium and chloride ions. In general, polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes. This concept is often expressed as “Like dissolves like.”

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What is polar and nonpolar solvent?

nonpolar solvent. [-pō′l?r] a liquid solvent without significant partial charges on any atoms, as in the hydrocarbons, or where the polar bonds are arranged in such a way that the effects of their partial charges cancel out, as in carbon tetrachloride. Liquid hydrocarbons are the most common examples.

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What is an example of a non polar solvent?

solvent, Polar solvents, of which water is an example, have molecules whose electric charges are unequally distributed, leaving one end of each molecule more positive than the other. Nonpolar solvents, of which carbon tetrachloride is an example, have molecules whose electric charges are equally distributed.

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What is the definition of polar solvent?

A polar solvent is a liquid with molecules that have a slight electrical charge due to its shape. For example, water is a molecule with one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms are not on opposite sides of the oxygen, but rather at an angle.

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What is a polar solvent fuel?

There are three fire extinguishing mechanisms in effect when using the concentrates on either a conventional Class B hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline or diesel fuel, or a Class B polar solvent (water miscible fuel) such as methanol or acetone.

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Is water a polar solvent?

And, water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge.

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Is gas polar or nonpolar?

Gasoline is not soluble in water. Gasoline is a complex mixture of non-polar compounds such as long chained hydrocarbons etc. Water is a polar molecule. The general solubility rule is that "like dissolves like", meaning polar dissolves polar and non-polar dissolves non-polar.

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Is Salt a solvent?

So since the salt is dissolved in the water, the water is the solvent and the salt the solute.

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Why is rubbing alcohol less polar than water?

The O-H bond is less polar and hydrogen bonds between the molecules are weaker than in water. This means that alcohols are better solvents of organic molecules. The isopropyl group is large and nonpolar, so isopropyl alcohol is less polar than methanol and ethanol.

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What is the most commonly used solvent?

A solvent is usually a liquid, but can also be a solid or gas. The most common solvent in everyday life is water. Most other commonly-used solvents are organic (carbon-containing) chemicals. These are called organic solvents.

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Is benzoic acid polar?

The primary reason benzoic acid dissolves only slightly or poorly in cold water is that, because of polar carboxylic group, the bulk amount of the benzoic acid molecule is non-polar. It is only the carboxylic group that is polar.

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What are some examples of solvent?

Some examples of solvents are water, ethanol, toluene, chloroform, acetone, milk, etc. Examples of solutes include, sugar, salt, oxygen, etc. There are numerous examples of solutions. For example milk (solvent) and sugar (solute) makes sweet milk.

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What is the difference between the solvent and the solute?

A solution is a liquid mixture (or a compound) in which a solute gets easily dissolved in a solvent. Usually, Solute is the smaller component of the solution which gets dissolved in the larger component, Solvent. Edit: Example- in Sugar solution, Sugar is the Solute and Water is the Solvent.

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Is ethanol more or less polar than water?

Ethanol is less polar than water because it is covalently bonded(covalent bonds have no net charge), therefore, salt dissolves less in ethanol. But water dissolves salt better because they are compatible i.e they are both ionic compounds.

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What are the different types of solvent?

Organic solvents (containing carbon) are classified by their chemical structure, of which there are three main types;

Hydrocarbon solvents (aliphatic and aromatic)
Oxygenated solvents (alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, glycol ethers, esters, glycol ether esters)
Halogenated solvents (chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons)

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What is solvent polarity?

The polarity, dipole moment, polarizability and hydrogen bonding of a solvent determines what type of compounds it is able to dissolve and with what other solvents or liquid compounds it is miscible.

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Is hexane a polar or nonpolar solvent?

Hexane is just hydrogens and carbons and there isn't much charge imbalance. The carbon-hydrogen bonds aren't very polarized. Because of that lack of charge imbalance, the molecule is non-polar.

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What is non polar?

The greater the electronegativity difference, the more ionic the bond is. Bonds that are partly ionic are called polar covalent bonds. Nonpolar covalent bonds, with equal sharing of the bond electrons, arise when the electronegativities of the two atoms are equal.

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Is propanol polar?

The alcohol (-OH) group dominates the molecule making it definitely polar. The electrostatic potential clearly shows that the oxygen is partially negative whereas the carbon and hydrogens are partially positive. Propanol is a about equal polar and non-polar molecule: See graphic on the left.

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Is kerosene polar or non polar?

3. Refer to section B. Kerosene is a nonpolar compound, water is a polar compound and isopropyl alcohol is a covalent molecule with a polar part and a nonpolar part.

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