17th October 2019

dictionary

17

What is an evaporite deposit?

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A sedimentary rock that consists of one or more minerals formed as precipitates from the evaporation of a saline solution, such as saltwater. Usually, the first evaporite to form from saltwater is calcium, followed by gypsum and then halite.

Also asked, how is an evaporite formed?

Evaporites. Rocks formed by the evaporation of water are called evaporites - gypsum, anhydrite, halite (common salt). This evaporation may occur in either shallow basins on land or in the sea. When seawater evaporates, the salts precipitate and settle to the bottom.

What is an example of an evaporite sedimentary rock?

There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.

How does a chemical rock form?

Chemical sedimentary rocks form by precipitation of minerals from water. Precipitation is when dissolved materials come out of water. For example: Take a glass of water and pour some salt (halite) into it. The salt will dissolve into the water.

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What is an example of an evaporite deposit?

In geology, evaporites are water-soluble, mineral sediments that result from the evaporation of restricted bodies of water on the Earth's surface. They are considered sedimentary rocks. Major evaporite minerals include halides (such as halite, sodium chloride), sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, and borates.

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How does an evaporite rock form?

Evaporites form from crystals that precipitate during evaporation of water (water with dissolved material in it), such as in a drying lake bed. Rock gypsum and rock salt are two evaporites.

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Where is evaporite found?

There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.

4

Can a mineral be man made?

Although minerals, by definition, must form via natural processes, Hazen's team discovered 208 minerals mediated by humans—they did form naturally but in places such as man-made mines, where unnatural humidity or fires from mining operations created new minerals along the mine walls.

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How do you find mineral deposits?

Minerals can be found throughout the world in the earth's crust but usually in such small amounts that they not worth extracting. Only with the help of certain geological processes are minerals concentrated into economically viable deposits. Mineral deposits can only be extracted where they are found.

6

Why fossils are found in sedimentary rocks?

Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils because, unlike most igneous and metamorphic rocks, they form at temperatures and pressures that do not destroy fossil remains.

7

Which types of rocks contain fossils?

Sorry - no fossils here! Igneous rocks form from molten rock, and rarely have fossils in them. Metamorphic rocks have been put under great pressure, heated, squashed or stretched, and fossils do not usually survive these extreme conditions. Generally it is only sedimentary rocks that contain fossils.

8

What is the definition of organic sedimentary rock?

Organic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and lithification of organic debris, such as leaves, roots, and other plant or animal material. Rich enough in carbon to burn, coal is an organic sedimentary rock that is a widespread and important fuel source.

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What is an evaporite mineral?

A sedimentary rock that consists of one or more minerals formed as precipitates from the evaporation of a saline solution, such as saltwater. Usually, the first evaporite to form from saltwater is calcium, followed by gypsum and then halite.

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What is the most characteristic feature of the sedimentary rocks?

These layers, called strata, or beds, are probably the single most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks. Other features found in some sedimentary rocks, such as ripple marks, mud cracks, cross-bedding, and fossils, also provide clues to past environments.

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How does a cross bed form?

Cross-bedding is formed by the downstream migration of bedforms such as ripples or dunes in a flowing fluid. The fluid flow causes sand grains to saltate up the upstream ("stoss") side of the bedform and collect at the peak until the angle of repose is reached.

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How is a chert rock formed?

Chert is a sedimentary rock consisting almost entirely of silica (SiO ₂), and can form in a variety of ways. Biochemical chert is formed when the siliceous skeletons of marine plankton are dissolved during diagenesis, with silica being precipitated from the resulting solution.

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What is the Lithification of sandstone?

Lithification, complex process whereby freshly deposited loose grains of sediment are converted into rock. Lithification may occur at the time a sediment is deposited or later. Cementation is one of the main processes involved, particularly for sandstones and conglomerates.

14

How do land derived sedimentary rocks form?

Limestone= chemical; ecaporite or carbonate; formed by precipitation from evaporating water, will bubble and fizz when hydrochloric acid is added. Sandstone = clastic; silicate; formed by compaction and cementation of SAND SIZED land derived sediments.

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Why are sedimentary rocks found in a veneer?

Why are sedimentary rocks found as a veneer (surface layer) over much of earth's surface? because sedimentary rocks are made of materials deposited in layers at earth's surface. The processes, temperatures and pressures that form other rocks destroy or distort any fossils in them.

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Where are most sedimentary rocks formed?

Sedimentary rocks form when mud and sand are deposited in layers on the Earth's surface. The layers are deposited in many environments including oceans, rivers and deserts. These layers of sand and mud are later buried. The weight of overlying layers compresses the mud and sand to form solid rock.

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How is anhydrite formed?

It is typically interbedded with halite, gypsum, and limestone in accumulations that can be up to hundreds of feet thick. On a much smaller scale, anhydrite can form in shoreline or tidal flat sediments from the evaporation of sea water. Anhydrite also occurs as a vein-filling mineral in hydrothermal deposits.

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How is halite rock formed?

Halite is found in sedimentary rocks. It is called an evaporite mineral because it formed in ancient seas and salt lakes as they slowly evaporated millions of years ago. As the water evaporated, thick deposits of salt were left behind.

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What type of sedimentary rock consists of clay and silt?

The pieces are from 1/16 to 1/256 of a millimeter in diameter. The color of a sample of shale is that of the clay or silt that it was formed from. Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock that forms from the cementing together of sand sized grains forming a solid rock.

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