2nd October 2019

britannica

16

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

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Nucleic acids are polynucleotides—that is, long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing aromatic base attached to a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, which is in turn attached to a phosphate group.

What are the three subunits of a nucleotide?

A nucleotide consists of three things:

A nitrogenous base, which can be either adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine (in the case of RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil).
A five-carbon sugar, called deoxyribose because it is lacking an oxygen group on one of its carbons.
One or more phosphate groups.

What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

There are only three components to a nucleotide:

A sugar (called deoxyribose)
A Phosphate (1 phosphorus atom joined to 4 oxygen atoms)
One of 4 bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine)

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What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA known as?

Instead of uracil, DNA contains thymine. The sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of a strand of RNA, and the bases bond to each other. RNA nucleotides contain a sugar called ribose, whereas DNA nucleotides contain a sugar called deoxyribose.

2

What are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are:

a source of energy for the body e.g. glucose and a store of energy, e.g. starch in plants.
building blocks for polysaccharides (giant carbohydrates), e.g. cellulose in plants and glycogen in the human body.
components of other molecules eg DNA, RNA, glycolipids, glycoproteins, ATP.

3

What are the basic building blocks of a lipid?

The building blocks of lipids are one glycerol molecule and at least one fatty acid, with a maximum of three fatty acids. Glycerol is a sugar alcohol with three OH groups. It acts as a backbone for fatty acids to bond. Fatty acids are made up of a long hydrocarbon with carboxyl group, which is represented as COOH.

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What types of elements make up nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids also typically contain phosphorous, and nitrogen plays an important structural role in nucleic acids and proteins. The proteins, being made up a diverse set of amino acids, have, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, the elements sulfur and selenium.

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What are the basic building blocks of proteins?

The basic building block of a protein is called an amino acid. There are 20 amino acids in the proteins you eat and in the proteins within your body, and they link together to form large protein molecules.

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What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

Both deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are made up of nucleotides which consist of three parts:

Nitrogenous Base. Purines and pyrimidines are the two categories of nitrogenous bases.
Pentose Sugar. In DNA, the sugar is 2'-deoxyribose.
Phosphate Group. A single phosphate group is PO₄³^-.

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What are the three things that make up a nucleotide?

A nucleotide consists of three things:

A nitrogenous base, which can be either adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine (in the case of RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil).
A five-carbon sugar, called deoxyribose because it is lacking an oxygen group on one of its carbons.
One or more phosphate groups.

8

What molecules make up a nucleotide?

Like DNA, RNA polymers are make up of chains of nucleotides ^*. These nucleotides have three parts: 1) a five carbon ribose sugar, 2) a phosphate molecule and 3) one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil.

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What are some characteristics of each of the four types of organic molecules?

Organic molecules are the molecules which exist in all living things. They are life.s building blocks. All things are formed from these organic molecules. There are four categories of organic molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

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What is the basic structure of nucleic acids?

In DNA double helix, the two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. The nucleotides on one strand base pairs with the nucleotide on the other strand. The secondary structure is responsible for the shape that the nucleic acid assumes. The bases in the DNA are classified as purines and pyrimidines.

11

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the chloroplasts and mitochondria.

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What are the building blocks of nucleotides?

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids; they are composed of three subunit molecules: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and at least one phosphate group. They are also known as phosphate nucleotides. A nucleoside is a nitrogenous base and a 5-carbon sugar.

13

What are the monomer building blocks of proteins?

amino acids

14

Is ATP made of nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids are long chains of monomers (nucleotides) that function as storage molecules in a cell. Nucleotides are composed of sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. ATP, DNA and RNA are all examples of nucleic acids.

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What part of the ladder are the bases form?

Other combinations of the atoms form the four bases: thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder. (It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.) A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide.

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Where are the nucleic acids found?

Nucleic acids. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are made up of nucleic acids found in the nuclei of living cells. They are the vehicles of genetic inheritance.

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How are proteins and nucleic acids are related?

The sequence of the codons in nucleic acids determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Each codon is composed of three nucleotides (nitrogen bases), and codes for a particular amino acid (or stop codon). The sequence of amino acids determines the structure of a protein, which determines its function.

18

What are the three parts of the DNA?

DNA has three types of chemical component: phosphate, a sugar called deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Two of the bases, adenine and guanine, have a double-ring structure characteristic of a type of chemical called a purine.

19

What determines how an organic molecule will look and behave?

Organic molecules have four common characteristics. First, they are all carbon based, meaning they all contain carbon. What determines how organic molecules will look and behave? The last common characteristic of all organic molecules is that their form determines their function.

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