18th November 2019

utm

13

How do you know when an argument is valid?

Upvote9 Downvote3

In effect, an argument is valid if the truth of the premises logically guarantees the truth of the conclusion. The following argument is valid, because it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false: Elizabeth owns either a Honda or a Saturn.

Moreover, what does a truth table show?

A truth table is a breakdown of a logic function by listing all possible values the function can attain. Such a table typically contains several rows and columns, with the top row representing the logical variables and combinations, in increasing complexity leading up to the final function.

Why are truth tables important?

A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, boolean functions, and propositional calculus—which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, for each combination of values taken by their logical variables (

What is critical row in truth table?

examining the critical rows in the truth table of the premises and the conclusion. The conclusion must be true in all rows where all the premises are true. showing that the expression "If premises then conclusion" is a tautology: by constructing its truth table.

1

What is a good argument?

A good argument is an argument that is either valid or strong, and with plausible premises that are true, do not beg the question, and are relevant to the conclusion. Now that you know what a good argument is, you should be able to explain why these claims are mistaken.

2

Are inductive arguments valid?

Unlike deductive arguments, inductive reasoning allows for the possibility that the conclusion is false, even if all of the premises are true. Instead of being valid or invalid, inductive arguments are either strong or weak, which describes how probable it is that the conclusion is true.

3

Can a deductively valid argument have a false conclusion?

A sound argument really does have all true premises so it does actually follow that its conclusion must be true. 3. If a valid argument has a false conclusion, then at least one premise must be false. TRUE: A valid argument cannot have all true premises and a false conclusion.

4

What does it mean to be a valid argument?

To say that a deductive argument is valid means (1) its conclusion (really) necessarily follows from its premises; To say that a deductive argument is valid means (2) it is impossible for its premises all to be true while the conclusion is false.

5

What makes for a strong argument?

In other words, it is unlikely (though not impossible) for the premises to be true and the conclusion false at the same time. Arguments in which the premises provide some degree of probable support for the conclusion are called strong arguments. Note that a strong argument is, by definition, invalid.

6

Can a valid argument have a false premise and a false conclusion?

A valid argument can have false premises; and it can have a false conclusion. But if a valid argument has all true premises, then it must have a true conclusion. By definition of validity. A valid argument cannot have all true premises but a false conclusion.

7

What is it for an inductive argument to be strong?

Similar to the concept of soundness for deductive arguments, a strong inductive argument with true premises is termed cogent. To say an argument is cogent is to say it is good, believable; there is good evidence that the conclusion is true. A weak argument cannot be cogent, nor can a strong one with a false premise(s).

8

Can an argument be valid but not sound?

The argument is valid (because the conclusion is true based on the premises, that is, that the conclusion follows the premises) and since the premises are in fact true, the argument is sound. The following argument is valid but not sound: All organisms with wings can fly.

9

What makes an argument?

In logic and philosophy, an argument is a series of statements typically used to persuade someone of something or to present reasons for accepting a conclusion.

10

What makes a sound argument?

An argument form is valid if and only if whenever the premises are all true, then conclusion is true. An argument is valid if its argument form is valid. For a sound argument, An argument is sound if and only if it is valid and all its premises are true.

11

What does it mean when an argument is deductively valid?

We call an argument deductively valid (or, for short, just "valid") when the conclusion is entailed by, or logically follows from, the premises. Validity is a property of the argument's form. It doesn't matter what the premises and the conclusion actually say. It just matters whether the argument has the right form.

12

What is an invalid argument?

Remember that an argument is valid if it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false at the same time. To show that an argument is invalid, we must give an example of a possibility in which the premises could be true and the conclusion false at the same time.

13

What is an inductive argument to be strong?

Inductive Argument: An argument in which the truth of the premises is supposed to prove that the conclusion is probably true. Strong Inductive Argument: An inductive argument in which the truth of the premises really does prove that the conclusion is probably true.

14

What is an deductive argument?

A deductive argument is an argument that is intended by the arguer to be deductively valid, that is, to provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion provided that the argument's premises are true.

15

What is the fallacies?

A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or "wrong moves" in the construction of an argument. A fallacious argument may be deceptive by appearing to be better than it really is.

16

What is an invalid argument in logic?

The corresponding conditional of a valid argument is a logical truth and the negation of its corresponding conditional is a contradiction. The conclusion is a logical consequence of its premises. An argument that is not valid is said to be "invalid".

17

What is an example of deductive reasoning?

Therefore, the Granny Smith has to be a fruit. This is an example of syllogism, a form of deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is a type of logic where general statements, or premises, are used to form a specific conclusion. The other type of deductive reasoning is conditional reasoning.

18

Can a cogent argument have a false conclusion?

Therefore, the argument is cogent, and so it is a good argument. This means that we can have good arguments that have false conclusions! This is a strong argument with true premises, so it is cogent and therefore, good. But the conclusion is not guaranteed.

19

What is an example of a cogent argument?

A cogent argument is an argument that is sound and is one where the premises provide good reason to accept the conclusion. A sound argument is a valid argument with true premises.

Write Your Answer

Similar Asks

Bookmark

Press Ctrl + D to add this site to your favorites!

Share